12229 2017-12-04 2024-08-01

接着上篇,本篇重点分析xml中对于默认标签的解析。

一、解析bean标签

// 默认标签
<bean id="test" class="text.TestBean"/>
// 自定义标签
<tx:annotation-driven/>

默认标签的解析parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate)方法中进行的,方法中的功能逻辑一目了然,分别对四种不同的标签(import、alias、bean和beans)做了不同的处理,代码如下

/**
 * Register each bean definition within the given root {@code <beans/>} element.
 */
// 最开始的方法调用栈
protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
    // Any nested <beans> elements will cause recursion in this method. In
    // order to propagate and preserve <beans> default-* attributes correctly,
    // keep track of the current (parent) delegate, which may be null. Create
    // the new (child) delegate with a reference to the parent for fallback purposes,
    // then ultimately reset this.delegate back to its original (parent) reference.
    // this behavior emulates a stack of delegates without actually necessitating one.
    BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
    this.delegate = createDelegate(getReaderContext(), root, parent);

    if (this.delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
        String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
        if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
            String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(
                    profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
            if (!getReaderContext().getEnvironment().acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) {
                if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                    logger.info("Skipped XML bean definition file due to specified profiles [" + profileSpec +
                            "] not matching: " + getReaderContext().getResource());
                }
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    preProcessXml(root);
    // 进这里
    parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
    postProcessXml(root);

    this.delegate = parent;
}

/**
 * Parse the elements at the root level in the document:
 * "import", "alias", "bean".
 * @param root the DOM root element of the document
 */
protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
        NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
        for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
            Node node = nl.item(i);
            if (node instanceof Element) {
                Element ele = (Element) node;
                if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
                    // 进这里
                    parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
                }
                else {
                    delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
    }
}

private void parseDefaultElement(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, IMPORT_ELEMENT)) {
        importBeanDefinitionResource(ele);
    }
    else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) {
        processAliasRegistration(ele);
    }
    else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) {
        // 进这里
        processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate);
    }
    else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, NESTED_BEANS_ELEMENT)) {
        // recurse
        doRegisterBeanDefinitions(ele);
    }
}

在4种标签的解析中,对bean标签的解析最为复杂也最为重要,所以我们先从此标签开始深入分析,如果能理解此标签的解析过程,其他标签的解析自然因刃而解。首先我们进入方法processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate),代码如下

/**
 * Process the given bean element, parsing the bean definition
 * and registering it with the registry.
 */
protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    // 先进这
    BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
    if (bdHolder != null) {
        // 后进这
        bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
        try {
            // Register the final decorated instance.
            BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
            getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" +
                    bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex);
        }
        // Send registration event.
        getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));
    }
}

乍一看,似乎一头雾水,没有以前的方法那样清晰的逻辑。大致的逻辑总结如下

  • 首先委托BeanDefinitionParserDelegate类的parseBeanDefinitionElement方法进行元素解析,返回 BeanDefinitionHolder类型的实例bdHolder,经过这个方法后,boHolder实例已经包含了我们配置文件中配置的各种属性了,例如class、name、id、alias之类的属性。
  • 当返回的bdHolder不为空的情况下若存在默认标签的子节点下再有自定义属性,还需要再次对自定义标签进行解析。
  • 解析完成后,需要对解析后的boHolder进行注册,同样,注册操作委托给了BeanDefinitionReaderUtils的registerBeanDefinition方法。
  • 最后发出响应事件,通知相关的监听器,这个bean已经加载完成了。

下面我们针对各个操作做具体分析。首先我们从元素解析及信息提取开始,也就是BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele),进入 BeanDefinitionParserDelegate类的parseBeanDefinitionElement方法,代码如下

/**
 * Parses the supplied {@code <bean>} element. May return {@code null}
 * if there were errors during parse. Errors are reported to the
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ProblemReporter}.
 */
public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele) {
    return parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, null);
}

/**
 * Parses the supplied {@code <bean>} element. May return {@code null}
 * if there were errors during parse. Errors are reported to the
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ProblemReporter}.
 */
public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition containingBean) {
    // 解析id属性
    String id = ele.getAttribute(ID_ATTRIBUTE);
    // 解析name属性
    String nameAttr = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
    // 分割name属性
    List<String> aliases = new ArrayList<String>();
    if (StringUtils.hasLength(nameAttr)) {
        String[] nameArr = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(nameAttr, MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
        aliases.addAll(Arrays.asList(nameArr));
    }

    String beanName = id;
    if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName) && !aliases.isEmpty()) {
        beanName = aliases.remove(0);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("No XML 'id' specified - using '" + beanName +
                    "' as bean name and " + aliases + " as aliases");
        }
    }

    if (containingBean == null) {
        checkNameUniqueness(beanName, aliases, ele);
    }
	// 进这一步,到这一步为止,已经完成了bean节点到AbstractBeanDefinition转换
    AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, beanName, containingBean);
    if (beanDefinition != null) {
        if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName)) {
            try {
                // 如果不存在beanName,那么根据Spring中提供的命名规则为当前bean生成对应的beanName
                if (containingBean != null) {
                    beanName = BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.generateBeanName(
                            beanDefinition, this.readerContext.getRegistry(), true);
                }
                else {
                    beanName = this.readerContext.generateBeanName(beanDefinition);
                    // Register an alias for the plain bean class name, if still possible,
                    // if the generator returned the class name plus a suffix.
                    // This is expected for Spring 1.2/2.0 backwards compatibility.
                    String beanClassName = beanDefinition.getBeanClassName();
                    if (beanClassName != null &&
                            beanName.startsWith(beanClassName) && beanName.length() > beanClassName.length() &&
                            !this.readerContext.getRegistry().isBeanNameInUse(beanClassName)) {
                        aliases.add(beanClassName);
                    }
                }
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Neither XML 'id' nor 'name' specified - " +
                            "using generated bean name [" + beanName + "]");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                error(ex.getMessage(), ele);
                return null;
            }
        }
        String[] aliasesArray = StringUtils.toStringArray(aliases);
        return new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, beanName, aliasesArray);
    }
    return null;
}

以上便是对默认标签解析的全过程。当然,对Spring的解析犹如洋葱剥皮一样,一层一层地进行,尽管现在只能看到对属性id及name的解析,但是很庆幸,思路我们已经了解了。在开始对属性展开全面解析前,Spring在外层又做了一个当前层的功能架构,在当前层完成的主要工作包括如下内容

  • 提取元素中的id及name属性。
  • 进一步解析其他所有属性并统一封装至GenericBeanDefinition类型的实例中。
  • 如果检测到bean没有指定beanName,那么使用默认规则为此bean生成beanName。
  • 将获取到的信息封装到BeanDefinitionHolder的实例中。

我们进一步地查看步骤2中对标签其他属性的解析过程,代码如下

/**
 * Parse the bean definition itself, without regard to name or aliases. May return
 * {@code null} if problems occurred during the parsing of the bean definition.
 */
public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionElement(
        Element ele, String beanName, BeanDefinition containingBean) {

    this.parseState.push(new BeanEntry(beanName));

    String className = null;
    // 解析class属性
    if (ele.hasAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        className = ele.getAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE).trim();
    }

    try {
        String parent = null;
        // 解析parent属性
        if (ele.hasAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
            parent = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE);
        }
        // 创建用于承载属性的AbstractBeanDefinition类型的GenericBeanDefinition
        AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent);

        // 硬编码解析默认bean的各种属性
        parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd);
        // 提取description
        bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT));
        // 解析元数据
        parseMetaElements(ele, bd);
        // 解析look-method属性
        parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
        // 解析replaced-method属性
        parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());

        // 解析构造函数参数
        parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd);
        // 解析property子元素
        parsePropertyElements(ele, bd);
        // 解析qualifier子元素
        parseQualifierElements(ele, bd);

        bd.setResource(this.readerContext.getResource());
        bd.setSource(extractSource(ele));

        return bd;
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        error("Bean class [" + className + "] not found", ele, ex);
    }
    catch (NoClassDefFoundError err) {
        error("Class that bean class [" + className + "] depends on not found", ele, err);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        error("Unexpected failure during bean definition parsing", ele, ex);
    }
    finally {
        this.parseState.pop();
    }
    return null;
}

终于,bean标签的所有属性,不论常用的还是不常用的我们都看到了,尽管有些复杂的属性还需要进一步解析,不过丝毫不会影响我们兴奋的心情。

到此为止,整个大逻辑是出来,下面层层深入每个小逻辑,但在深入之间,我们先看下BeanDefinition接口。

二、BeanDefinition

BeanDefinition是一个接口,在Spring中存在三种实现:RootBeanDefinitionChildBeanDefinition以及GenericBeanDefinition

三种实现均继承了 AbstractBeanDefinition,其中BeanDefinition是配置文件<bean>元素标签在容器中的内部表示形式,AbstractBeanDefinition是BeanDefinition接口的完整实现。类声明如下

/**
 * GenericBeanDefinition is a one-stop shop for standard bean definition purposes.
 * Like any bean definition, it allows for specifying a class plus optionally
 * constructor argument values and property values. Additionally, deriving from a
 * parent bean definition can be flexibly configured through the "parentName" property.
 *
 * <p>In general, use this {@code GenericBeanDefinition} class for the purpose of
 * registering user-visible bean definitions (which a post-processor might operate on,
 * potentially even reconfiguring the parent name). Use {@code RootBeanDefinition} /
 * {@code ChildBeanDefinition} where parent/child relationships happen to be pre-determined.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class GenericBeanDefinition extends AbstractBeanDefinition {
    // 相比于AbstractBeanDefinition,基本只多了一个String类型的parentName
}

/**
 * A root bean definition represents the merged bean definition that backs
 * a specific bean in a Spring BeanFactory at runtime. It might have been created
 * from multiple original bean definitions that inherit from each other,
 * typically registered as {@link GenericBeanDefinition GenericBeanDefinitions}.
 * A root bean definition is essentially the 'unified' bean definition view at runtime.
 *
 * <p>Root bean definitions may also be used for registering individual bean definitions
 * in the configuration phase. However, since Spring 2.5, the preferred way to register
 * bean definitions programmatically is the {@link GenericBeanDefinition} class.
 * GenericBeanDefinition has the advantage that it allows to dynamically define
 * parent dependencies, not 'hard-coding' the role as a root bean definition.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class RootBeanDefinition extends AbstractBeanDefinition {
	// 硬编码将一个bean声明为root,spring2.5以后优先使用GenericBeanDefinition
    // GenericBeanDefinition相比较AbstractBeanDefinition只是多一个parent字段
}

/**
 * Bean definition for beans which inherit settings from their parent.
 * Child bean definitions have a fixed dependency on a parent bean definition.
 *
 * <p>A child bean definition will inherit constructor argument values,
 * property values and method overrides from the parent, with the option
 * to add new values. If init method, destroy method and/or static factory
 * method are specified, they will override the corresponding parent settings.
 * The remaining settings will <i>always</i> be taken from the child definition:
 * depends on, autowire mode, dependency check, singleton, lazy init.
 *
 * <p><b>NOTE:</b> Since Spring 2.5, the preferred way to register bean
 * definitions programmatically is the {@link GenericBeanDefinition} class,
 * which allows to dynamically define parent dependencies through the
 * {@link GenericBeanDefinition#setParentName} method. This effectively
 * supersedes the ChildBeanDefinition class for most use cases.
 *
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class ChildBeanDefinition extends AbstractBeanDefinition {
	// 实际上,child和root大部分都被generic取代了
}

<bean>元素标签拥有class、scope、lazy-init等配置属性,BeanDefinition则提供了相应的beanClass、scope、lazyinit属性,BeanDefinition和<bean>中的元素是一一对应的。BeanDefinition接口代码如下

/**
 * A BeanDefinition describes a bean instance, which has property values,
 * constructor argument values, and further information supplied by
 * concrete implementations.
 *
 * <p>This is just a minimal interface: The main intention is to allow a
 * {@link BeanFactoryPostProcessor} such as {@link PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer}
 * to introspect and modify property values and other bean metadata.
 */
public interface BeanDefinition extends AttributeAccessor, BeanMetadataElement {

    /**
     * Scope identifier for the standard singleton scope: "singleton".
     * <p>Note that extended bean factories might support further scopes.
     * @see #setScope
     */
    String SCOPE_SINGLETON = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_SINGLETON;

    /**
     * Scope identifier for the standard prototype scope: "prototype".
     * <p>Note that extended bean factories might support further scopes.
     * @see #setScope
     */
    String SCOPE_PROTOTYPE = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE;


    /**
     * Role hint indicating that a {@code BeanDefinition} is a major part
     * of the application. Typically corresponds to a user-defined bean.
     */
    int ROLE_APPLICATION = 0;

    /**
     * Role hint indicating that a {@code BeanDefinition} is a supporting
     * part of some larger configuration, typically an outer
     * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ComponentDefinition}.
     * {@code SUPPORT} beans are considered important enough to be aware
     * of when looking more closely at a particular
     * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ComponentDefinition},
     * but not when looking at the overall configuration of an application.
     */
    int ROLE_SUPPORT = 1;

    /**
     * Role hint indicating that a {@code BeanDefinition} is providing an
     * entirely background role and has no relevance to the end-user. This hint is
     * used when registering beans that are completely part of the internal workings
     * of a {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ComponentDefinition}.
     */
    int ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE = 2;

    /**
     * Return the name of the parent definition of this bean definition, if any.
     */
    String getParentName();

    /**
     * Set the name of the parent definition of this bean definition, if any.
     */
    void setParentName(String parentName);

    /**
     * Return the current bean class name of this bean definition.
     * <p>Note that this does not have to be the actual class name used at runtime, in
     * case of a child definition overriding/inheriting the class name from its parent.
     * Hence, do <i>not</i> consider this to be the definitive bean type at runtime but
     * rather only use it for parsing purposes at the individual bean definition level.
     */
    String getBeanClassName();

    /**
     * Override the bean class name of this bean definition.
     * <p>The class name can be modified during bean factory post-processing,
     * typically replacing the original class name with a parsed variant of it.
     */
    void setBeanClassName(String beanClassName);

    /**
     * Return the factory bean name, if any.
     */
    String getFactoryBeanName();

    /**
     * Specify the factory bean to use, if any.
     */
    void setFactoryBeanName(String factoryBeanName);

    /**
     * Return a factory method, if any.
     */
    String getFactoryMethodName();

    /**
     * Specify a factory method, if any. This method will be invoked with
     * constructor arguments, or with no arguments if none are specified.
     * The method will be invoked on the specified factory bean, if any,
     * or otherwise as a static method on the local bean class.
     * @param factoryMethodName static factory method name,
     * or {@code null} if normal constructor creation should be used
     * @see #getBeanClassName()
     */
    void setFactoryMethodName(String factoryMethodName);

    /**
     * Return the name of the current target scope for this bean,
     * or {@code null} if not known yet.
     */
    String getScope();

    /**
     * Override the target scope of this bean, specifying a new scope name.
     * @see #SCOPE_SINGLETON
     * @see #SCOPE_PROTOTYPE
     */
    void setScope(String scope);

    /**
     * Return whether this bean should be lazily initialized, i.e. not
     * eagerly instantiated on startup. Only applicable to a singleton bean.
     */
    boolean isLazyInit();

    /**
     * Set whether this bean should be lazily initialized.
     * <p>If {@code false}, the bean will get instantiated on startup by bean
     * factories that perform eager initialization of singletons.
     */
    void setLazyInit(boolean lazyInit);

    /**
     * Return the bean names that this bean depends on.
     */
    String[] getDependsOn();

    /**
     * Set the names of the beans that this bean depends on being initialized.
     * The bean factory will guarantee that these beans get initialized first.
     */
    void setDependsOn(String[] dependsOn);

    /**
     * Return whether this bean is a candidate for getting autowired into some other bean.
     */
    boolean isAutowireCandidate();

    /**
     * Set whether this bean is a candidate for getting autowired into some other bean.
     */
    void setAutowireCandidate(boolean autowireCandidate);

    /**
     * Return whether this bean is a primary autowire candidate.
     * If this value is true for exactly one bean among multiple
     * matching candidates, it will serve as a tie-breaker.
     */
    boolean isPrimary();

    /**
     * Set whether this bean is a primary autowire candidate.
     * <p>If this value is true for exactly one bean among multiple
     * matching candidates, it will serve as a tie-breaker.
     */
    void setPrimary(boolean primary);


    /**
     * Return the constructor argument values for this bean.
     * <p>The returned instance can be modified during bean factory post-processing.
     * @return the ConstructorArgumentValues object (never {@code null})
     */
    ConstructorArgumentValues getConstructorArgumentValues();

    /**
     * Return the property values to be applied to a new instance of the bean.
     * <p>The returned instance can be modified during bean factory post-processing.
     * @return the MutablePropertyValues object (never {@code null})
     */
    MutablePropertyValues getPropertyValues();


    /**
     * Return whether this a <b>Singleton</b>, with a single, shared instance
     * returned on all calls.
     * @see #SCOPE_SINGLETON
     */
    boolean isSingleton();

    /**
     * Return whether this a <b>Prototype</b>, with an independent instance
     * returned for each call.
     * @see #SCOPE_PROTOTYPE
     */
    boolean isPrototype();

    /**
     * Return whether this bean is "abstract", that is, not meant to be instantiated.
     */
    boolean isAbstract();

    /**
     * Get the role hint for this {@code BeanDefinition}. The role hint
     * provides tools with an indication of the importance of a particular
     * {@code BeanDefinition}.
     * @see #ROLE_APPLICATION
     * @see #ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE
     * @see #ROLE_SUPPORT
     */
    int getRole();

    /**
     * Return a human-readable description of this bean definition.
     */
    String getDescription();

    /**
     * Return a description of the resource that this bean definition
     * came from (for the purpose of showing context in case of errors).
     */
    String getResourceDescription();

    /**
     * Return the originating BeanDefinition, or {@code null} if none.
     * Allows for retrieving the decorated bean definition, if any.
     * <p>Note that this method returns the immediate originator. Iterate through the
     * originator chain to find the original BeanDefinition as defined by the user.
     */
    BeanDefinition getOriginatingBeanDefinition();
}

在配置文件中可以定义父<bean>和子<bean>,父<bean>用RootBeanDefinition表示,而子<bean>用ChildBeanDefinition表示,而没有父<bean><bean>就使用RootBeanDefinition表示。AbstractBeanDefinition 对两者共同的类信息进行了抽象。

三、AbstractBeanDefinition

AbstractBeanDefinition类声明如下

/**
 * Base class for concrete, full-fledged
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition} classes,
 * factoring out common properties of {@link GenericBeanDefinition},
 * {@link RootBeanDefinition} and {@link ChildBeanDefinition}.
 *
 * <p>The autowire constants match the ones defined in the
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory}
 * interface.
 */
SuppressWarnings("serial")
public abstract class AbstractBeanDefinition extends BeanMetadataAttributeAccessor
        implements BeanDefinition, Cloneable {
    // 此处省略静态变量以及final变量
    // bean的作用范围,对应bean属性的scope
    private String scope = SCOPE_DEFAULT;
    // 是否单例
    private boolean singleton = true;
    // 是否原型
    private boolean prototype = false;
    // 是否抽象
    private boolean abstractFlag = false;
    // 是否延迟加载
    private boolean lazyInit = false;
    // 自动注入模式
    private int autowireMode = AUTOWIRE_NO;
    // 依赖检查,Spring3.0被弃用
    private int dependencyCheck = DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE;
    // 用来表示一个bean的实例化依靠另一个bean先实例化
    private String[] dependsOn;
    // autowire-candidate属性设置为false,这样容器在查找自动装配对象时,将不考虑该bean,即它不会被考虑作为其他bean自动装配的候选者,但是该bean本身还是可以使用自动装配来注入到其他bean的
    private boolean autowireCandidate = true;
    // 自动装配时当出现多个bean候选者,将作为首选者,
    private boolean primary = false;
    // 用于记录Qualifier,对应子元素qualifier
    private final Map<String, AutowireCandidateQualifier> qualifiers =
            new LinkedHashMap<String, AutowireCandidateQualifier>(0);
    // 允许访问非公开的构造器和方法,程序设置
    private boolean nonPublicAccessAllowed = true;
    // 是否以一种宽松的模式来解析构造方法,默认true 
    private boolean lenientConstructorResolution = true;
    // 记录构造方法注入的属性
    private ConstructorArgumentValues constructorArgumentValues;
    // 普通属性的集合
    private MutablePropertyValues propertyValues;
    // 方法重写的持有者,记录lookup-mothod、replaced-method元素
    private MethodOverrides methodOverrides = new MethodOverrides();
    // 对应factory-bean属性
    private String factoryBeanName;
    // 对应factory-method属性
    private String factoryMethodName;
    // 初始化方法
    private String initMethodName;
    // 销毁方法
    private String destroyMethodName;
    // 是否执行init-method方法
    private boolean enforceInitMethod = true;
    // 是否执行destory-method方法
    private boolean enforceDestroyMethod = true;
    // 是否是用户定义的,而不是应用程序定义的,创建AOP的时候为true,程序设置
    private boolean synthetic = false;
    // 定义这个bean的应用,APPLICATION用户,INFRASTRUCTURE完全内部使用,SUPPORT某些复杂的配置
    private int role = BeanDefinition.ROLE_APPLICATION;
    // bean的描述信息
    private String description;
    // 这个bean定义的资源
    private Resource resource;

    // 此处省略set/get方法     
}

四、parseBeanDefinitionElement

/**
 * Parse the bean definition itself, without regard to name or aliases. May return
 * {@code null} if problems occurred during the parsing of the bean definition.
 */
@Nullable
public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionElement(
        Element ele, String beanName, @Nullable BeanDefinition containingBean) {

    this.parseState.push(new BeanEntry(beanName));

    String className = null;
    if (ele.hasAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        className = ele.getAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE).trim();
    }
    String parent = null;
    if (ele.hasAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        parent = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE);
    }

    try {
        // 接之前,依次进行下面代码
        AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent);

        parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd);
        bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT));

        parseMetaElements(ele, bd);
        parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
        parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());

        parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd);
        parsePropertyElements(ele, bd);
        parseQualifierElements(ele, bd);

        bd.setResource(this.readerContext.getResource());
        bd.setSource(extractSource(ele));

        return bd;
    }
    catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        error("Bean class [" + className + "] not found", ele, ex);
    }
    catch (NoClassDefFoundError err) {
        error("Class that bean class [" + className + "] depends on not found", ele, err);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        error("Unexpected failure during bean definition parsing", ele, ex);
    }
    finally {
        this.parseState.pop();
    }

    return null;
}

1、createBeanDefinition

Spring通过BeanDefinition将配置文件中的<bean>配置信息转换为容器的内部表示,并将这些BeanDefinition注册到BeanDefinitionRegistry中。Spring容器的BeanDefinitionRegistry就像是Spring配置信息的内存数据库,主要是以map的形式保存,后续操作直接从BeanDefinitionRegistry中读取配置信息。

由此可知,要解析属性首先要创建用于承载属性的实例,由前文可知,也就是创建了GenericBeanDefinition类型的实例,而方法createBeanDefinition(className, parent)的作用就是实现此功能,代码如下

/**
 * Create a bean definition for the given class name and parent name.
 * @param className the name of the bean class
 * @param parentName the name of the bean's parent bean
 * @return the newly created bean definition
 * @throws ClassNotFoundException if bean class resolution was attempted but failed
 */
protected AbstractBeanDefinition createBeanDefinition(String className, String parentName)
        throws ClassNotFoundException {
    return BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.createBeanDefinition(
            parentName, className, this.readerContext.getBeanClassLoader());
}

/**
 * Create a new GenericBeanDefinition for the given parent name and class name,
 * eagerly loading the bean class if a ClassLoader has been specified.
 * @param parentName the name of the parent bean, if any
 * @param className the name of the bean class, if any
 * @param classLoader the ClassLoader to use for loading bean classes
 * (can be {@code null} to just register bean classes by name)
 * @return the bean definition
 * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the bean class could not be loaded
 */
public static AbstractBeanDefinition createBeanDefinition(
        String parentName, String className, ClassLoader classLoader) throws ClassNotFoundException {
	// 返回的是GenericBeanDefinition
    GenericBeanDefinition bd = new GenericBeanDefinition();
    // parentName可能为空
    bd.setParentName(parentName);
    if (className != null) {
        if (classLoader != null) {
            // 如果classLoader不为空,则使用以传入的classLoader加载对象,否则只记录className
            bd.setBeanClass(ClassUtils.forName(className, classLoader));
        }
        else {
            bd.setBeanClassName(className);
        }
    }
    return bd;
}

2、parseBeanDefinitionAttributes

当我们创建bean信息的承载实例GenericBeanDefinition后,便可以进行bean信息的各种解析了,首先我们进入方法parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd)。该方法是对element所有元素属性进行解析,代码如下

/**
 * Apply the attributes of the given bean element to the given bean * definition.
 * @param ele bean declaration element
 * @param beanName bean name
 * @param containingBean containing bean definition
 * @return a bean definition initialized according to the bean element attributes
 */
public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(Element ele, String beanName,
        BeanDefinition containingBean, AbstractBeanDefinition bd) {
    // 解析scope属性
    if (ele.hasAttribute(SCOPE_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        // Spring 2.x "scope" attribute
        bd.setScope(ele.getAttribute(SCOPE_ATTRIBUTE));
        if (ele.hasAttribute(SINGLETON_ATTRIBUTE)) {
            error("Specify either 'scope' or 'singleton', not both", ele);
        }
    }
    // 解析singleton属性
    else if (ele.hasAttribute(SINGLETON_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        // Spring 1.x "singleton" attribute
        bd.setScope(TRUE_VALUE.equals(ele.getAttribute(SINGLETON_ATTRIBUTE)) ?
                BeanDefinition.SCOPE_SINGLETON : BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
    }
    else if (containingBean != null) {
        // Take default from containing bean in case of an inner bean definition.
        // 在嵌入beanDefinition情况下且没有单独指定scope属性,则使用父类默认的属性
        // 这也是containingBean参数唯一的作用
        bd.setScope(containingBean.getScope());
    }
    // 解析abstract属性
    if (ele.hasAttribute(ABSTRACT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        bd.setAbstract(TRUE_VALUE.equals(ele.getAttribute(ABSTRACT_ATTRIBUTE)));
    }
    // 解析lazy-init属性
    String lazyInit = ele.getAttribute(LAZY_INIT_ATTRIBUTE);
    if (DEFAULT_VALUE.equals(lazyInit)) {
        lazyInit = this.defaults.getLazyInit();
    }
    bd.setLazyInit(TRUE_VALUE.equals(lazyInit));

    // 解析autowire属性
    String autowire = ele.getAttribute(AUTOWIRE_ATTRIBUTE);
    bd.setAutowireMode(getAutowireMode(autowire));

    // 解析dependency-check属性
    String dependencyCheck = ele.getAttribute(DEPENDENCY_CHECK_ATTRIBUTE);
    bd.setDependencyCheck(getDependencyCheck(dependencyCheck));
    // 解析depends-on属性
    if (ele.hasAttribute(DEPENDS_ON_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        String dependsOn = ele.getAttribute(DEPENDS_ON_ATTRIBUTE);
        bd.setDependsOn(StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(dependsOn, MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS));
    }
    // 解析autowire-candidate属性
    String autowireCandidate = ele.getAttribute(AUTOWIRE_CANDIDATE_ATTRIBUTE);
    if ("".equals(autowireCandidate) || DEFAULT_VALUE.equals(autowireCandidate)) {
        String candidatePattern = this.defaults.getAutowireCandidates();
        if (candidatePattern != null) {
            String[] patterns = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(candidatePattern);
            bd.setAutowireCandidate(PatternMatchUtils.simpleMatch(patterns, beanName));
        }
    }
    else {
        bd.setAutowireCandidate(TRUE_VALUE.equals(autowireCandidate));
    }

    // 解析primary属性
    if (ele.hasAttribute(PRIMARY_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        bd.setPrimary(TRUE_VALUE.equals(ele.getAttribute(PRIMARY_ATTRIBUTE)));
    }
    // 解析init-method属性
    if (ele.hasAttribute(INIT_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        String initMethodName = ele.getAttribute(INIT_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE);
        if (!"".equals(initMethodName)) {
            bd.setInitMethodName(initMethodName);
        }
    }
    else {
        if (this.defaults.getInitMethod() != null) {
            bd.setInitMethodName(this.defaults.getInitMethod());
            bd.setEnforceInitMethod(false);
        }
    }
    // 解析destroy-mothod属性
    if (ele.hasAttribute(DESTROY_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        String destroyMethodName = ele.getAttribute(DESTROY_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE);
        if (!"".equals(destroyMethodName)) {
            bd.setDestroyMethodName(destroyMethodName);
        }
    }
    else {
        if (this.defaults.getDestroyMethod() != null) {
            bd.setDestroyMethodName(this.defaults.getDestroyMethod());
            bd.setEnforceDestroyMethod(false);
        }
    }
    // 解析factory-method属性
    if (ele.hasAttribute(FACTORY_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        bd.setFactoryMethodName(ele.getAttribute(FACTORY_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE));
    }
    // 解析factory-bean属性
    if (ele.hasAttribute(FACTORY_BEAN_ATTRIBUTE)) {
        bd.setFactoryBeanName(ele.getAttribute(FACTORY_BEAN_ATTRIBUTE));
    }
    return bd;
}

我们可以清楚地看到Sprng完成了对所有bean属性的解析,这些属性中很多是我么经常使用的,同时我们也一定会有或多或少的属性是读者不熟悉或者是又没使用过的。

3、parseMetaElements

在开始解析元数据分析前,我们先回顾下元数据meta属性的使用。

<bean id="test" class="test.TestBean">
    <meta key="testStr" value="aaa"/>
</bean>

这段代码并不会体现在TestBean的属性中,而是一个额外的声明,当需要使用里面的信息的时候可以通过BeanDefinition的getAttribute(key)方法进行获取。对meta属性的解析代码如下

// 解析完各种元素后,接下来是对meta的解析
public void parseMetaElements(Element ele, BeanMetadataAttributeAccessor attributeAccessor) {
    // 获取当前节点的所有子元素
    NodeList nl = ele.getChildNodes();
    for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
        Node node = nl.item(i);
        // 提取meta
        if (isCandidateElement(node) && nodeNameEquals(node, META_ELEMENT)) {
            Element metaElement = (Element) node;
            String key = metaElement.getAttribute(KEY_ATTRIBUTE);
            String value = metaElement.getAttribute(VALUE_ATTRIBUTE);
            // 使用key、value构造BeanMetadataAttribute
            BeanMetadataAttribute attribute = new BeanMetadataAttribute(key, value);
            attribute.setSource(extractSource(metaElement));
            // 记录信息
            attributeAccessor.addMetadataAttribute(attribute);
        }
    }
}

4、parseLookupOverrideSubElements

同样,子元素lookup-method似乎也不是很常用,但是在某些时候它的确是非常有用的属性,通常我们称它为获取器注入。引用《Spring in Action》中的一句话:获取器注入是一种特殊的方法注入,它是把一个方法声明为返回某种类型的bean,但实际要返回的bean是在配置文件里面配置的,此方法可用在设计有些可能拆拔的功能上,解除程序依赖。我们看看具体应用,代码如下

public class User {
    public void showMe() {
        System.out.println("I am user");
    }
}

public class Teacher extends User {
    @Override
    public void showMe() {
        System.out.println("I am teacher");
    }
}

public class Student extends User {
    @Override
    public void showMe() {
        System.out.println("I am student");
    }
}

public abstract class GetBeanTest {
    public void showMe() {
        this.getBean().showMe();
    }
    public abstract User getBean();
}

public class MainTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(new FileSystemResource("beanFactoryTest.xml"));
        GetBeanTest test = (GetBeanTest) beanFactory.getBean("getBeanTest");
        test.showMe();
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="getBeanTest" class="ccsu.ioc.GetBeanTest">
        <lookup-method name="getBean" bean="teacher"></lookup-method>
    </bean>

    <bean id="teacher" class="ccsu.ioc.Teacher"></bean>
    <bean id="student" class="ccsu.ioc.Student"></bean>
</beans>

当业务变更时,比如从Teacher变为了Student,这时只需把bean="teacher"改为bean="student" 就可以了。

至此,我们已经初步了解了lookup-method子元素所提供的大致功能,相信这时再次去看它的属性提取源码会觉得更有针对性,代码如下

/**
 * Parse lookup-override sub-elements of the given bean element.
 */
// 再解析完子元素meta后
public void parseLookupOverrideSubElements(Element beanEle, MethodOverrides overrides) {
    NodeList nl = beanEle.getChildNodes();
    for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
        Node node = nl.item(i);
        // 仅当在Spring默认的bean的子元素且lookup-mothod标签存在时有效
        if (isCandidateElement(node) && nodeNameEquals(node, LOOKUP_METHOD_ELEMENT)) {
            Element ele = (Element) node;
            // 获取要修饰的方法
            String methodName = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
            // 获取配置返回的bean
            String beanRef = ele.getAttribute(BEAN_ELEMENT);
            LookupOverride override = new LookupOverride(methodName, beanRef);
            override.setSource(extractSource(ele));
            overrides.addOverride(override);
        }
    }
}

上面的代码很眼熟,似乎与parseMetaElements的代码大同小异,最大的区别就是在if判断中的节点名称在这里被修改为LOOKUP_METHOD_ELEMENT。还有,在数据存储上面通过使用LookupOverride类型的实体类来进行数据承载并记录在AbstractBeanDefinition的methodOverrides属性中。

5、parseReplacedMethodSubElements

这个方法主要是对bean中replaced-method子元素的提取,在开始分析之前,我们还是预先介绍一下这个元素的用法。

方法替换:可以在运行时用新的方法替换现有的方法。与之前的look-up不同的是,replace-mothod不但可以动态地替换返回实体bean,而且还能动态地更改原有方法的逻辑。代码如下

public class TestMethodReplacer implements MethodReplacer {
    @Override
    public Object reimplement(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("我替换了原有的方法");
        return null;
    }
}

// 其他代码同上
<bean id="getBeanTest" class="ccsu.ioc.GetBeanTest">
    <lookup-method name="getBean" bean="teacher"></lookup-method>
    <replaced-method name="showMe" replacer="replacer"></replaced-method>
</bean>

<bean id="teacher" class="ccsu.ioc.Teacher"></bean>
<bean id="student" class="ccsu.ioc.Student"></bean>
<bean id="replacer" class="ccsu.ioc.TestMethodReplacer"></bean>
// 输出结果:我替换了原有的方法

知道了这个元素的用法后,我们来看下元素的提取过程,代码如下

/**
 * Parse replaced-method sub-elements of the given bean element.
 */
public void parseReplacedMethodSubElements(Element beanEle, MethodOverrides overrides) {
    NodeList nl = beanEle.getChildNodes();
    for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
        Node node = nl.item(i);
        // 仅当在spring默认的子元素下且为replaced-method元素时有效
        if (isCandidateElement(node) && nodeNameEquals(node, REPLACED_METHOD_ELEMENT)) {
            Element replacedMethodEle = (Element) node;
            // 提取要替换的旧的方法
            String name = replacedMethodEle.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
            // 提取要替换的新的替换方法
            String callback = replacedMethodEle.getAttribute(REPLACER_ATTRIBUTE);
            ReplaceOverride replaceOverride = new ReplaceOverride(name, callback);
            // Look for arg-type match elements.
            List<Element> argTypeEles = DomUtils.getChildElementsByTagName(replacedMethodEle, ARG_TYPE_ELEMENT);
            for (Element argTypeEle : argTypeEles) {
                // 记录参数
                String match = argTypeEle.getAttribute(ARG_TYPE_MATCH_ATTRIBUTE);
                match = (StringUtils.hasText(match) ? match : DomUtils.getTextValue(argTypeEle));
                if (StringUtils.hasText(match)) {
                    replaceOverride.addTypeIdentifier(match);
                }
            }
            replaceOverride.setSource(extractSource(replacedMethodEle));
            overrides.addOverride(replaceOverride);
        }
    }
}

我们可以看到无论是look-up还是replaced-method都是构造了一个MethodOverride,并最终记录在 AbstractBeanDefinition的methodOverrides属性中。而这个属性如何使用及完成它所提供的功能,后面会有详细的介绍。

6、parseConstructorArgElements

对构造方法的解析是非常常用的,同时也是非常复杂的,也相信大家对构造方法的配置都不陌生,举个简单的例子

....
<beans>
<bean id="helloBean" class="com.HelloBean">
    <constructor-arg index="0">
        <value>HK</value>
    </constructor-arg>
    <constructor-arg index="1">
        <value>您好</value>
    </constructor-arg>  
....
</beans>

上面的配置是Spring构造方法配置中最基础的配置,实现的功能就是对HelloBean自动寻找对应的构造方法,并在初始化时将设置的参数传入进去。那么让我们看看具体的XML解析过程。

对于constructor-arg子元素的解析,Spring是通过parseConstructorArgElements(Element beanEle, BeanDefinition bd)方法来实现的,代码如下

/**
 * Parse constructor-arg sub-elements of the given bean element.
 */
public void parseConstructorArgElements(Element beanEle, BeanDefinition bd) {
    NodeList nl = beanEle.getChildNodes();
    for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
        Node node = nl.item(i);
        if (isCandidateElement(node) && nodeNameEquals(node, CONSTRUCTOR_ARG_ELEMENT)) {
            // 解析constructor-arg
            parseConstructorArgElement((Element) node, bd);
        }
    }
}

这个结构似乎我们想得到,遍历所有子元素,也就是提取所有constructor-arg,然后进行解析,但是具体的解析却被放置在了另一个方法parseConstructorArgElement((Element) node, bd)中,具体代码如下

/**
 * Parse a constructor-arg element.
 */
public void parseConstructorArgElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition bd) {
    // 提取index属性
    String indexAttr = ele.getAttribute(INDEX_ATTRIBUTE);
    // 提取type属性
    String typeAttr = ele.getAttribute(TYPE_ATTRIBUTE);
    // 提取name属性
    String nameAttr = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
    if (StringUtils.hasLength(indexAttr)) {
        try {
            int index = Integer.parseInt(indexAttr);
            if (index < 0) {
                error("'index' cannot be lower than 0", ele);
            }
            else {
                try {
                    this.parseState.push(new ConstructorArgumentEntry(index));
                    // 解析ele对应的属性元素
                    Object value = parsePropertyValue(ele, bd, null);
                    ConstructorArgumentValues.ValueHolder valueHolder = new ConstructorArgumentValues.ValueHolder(value);
                    if (StringUtils.hasLength(typeAttr)) {
                        valueHolder.setType(typeAttr);
                    }
                    if (StringUtils.hasLength(nameAttr)) {
                        valueHolder.setName(nameAttr);
                    }
                    valueHolder.setSource(extractSource(ele));
                    // 不允许重复指定相同的参数
                    if (bd.getConstructorArgumentValues().hasIndexedArgumentValue(index)) {
                        error("Ambiguous constructor-arg entries for index " + index, ele);
                    }
                    else {
                        bd.getConstructorArgumentValues().addIndexedArgumentValue(index, valueHolder);
                    }
                }
                finally {
                    this.parseState.pop();
                }
            }
        }
        catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
            error("Attribute 'index' of tag 'constructor-arg' must be an integer", ele);
        }
    }
    else {
        // 没有index属性则忽略属性,自动寻找
        try {
            this.parseState.push(new ConstructorArgumentEntry());
            // 解析ele对应的属性元素
            Object value = parsePropertyValue(ele, bd, null);
            ConstructorArgumentValues.ValueHolder valueHolder = new ConstructorArgumentValues.ValueHolder(value);
            if (StringUtils.hasLength(typeAttr)) {
                valueHolder.setType(typeAttr);
            }
            if (StringUtils.hasLength(nameAttr)) {
                valueHolder.setName(nameAttr);
            }
            valueHolder.setSource(extractSource(ele));
            bd.getConstructorArgumentValues().addGenericArgumentValue(valueHolder);
        }
        finally {
            this.parseState.pop();
        }
    }
}

上面一段看似复杂的代码让很多人失去了耐心,但是,涉及的逻辑并其实不复杂,首先是提取constructor-arg上必要的属性(index、type、name)。

如果配置中指定了index属性,那么操作步骤如下:

  • 解析constructor-arg的子元素。
  • 使用ConstructorArgumentValues.ValueHolder类型来封装解析出来的元素。
  • 将type、name和index属性一并封装在ValueHolder类型中并添加至当前BeanDefinition的constructorArgumentValues的indexedArgumentValues属性中。

如果没有指定index属性,那么操作步骤如下:

  • 解析constructor-arg的子元素。
  • 使用ConstructorArgumentValues.ValueHolder类型来封装解析出来的元素。
  • 将type、name和index属性一并封装在ValueHolder类型中并添加至当前BeanDefinition的constructorArgumentValues的genericArgumentValues属性中。

可以看到,对于是否指定index属性来讲,Spring的处理流程是不同的,关键在于属性信息保存的位置。我们先进入parsePropertyValue(ele, bd, null)方法看下,代码如下

/**
 * Get the value of a property element. May be a list etc.
 * Also used for constructor arguments, "propertyName" being null in this case.
 */
public Object parsePropertyValue(Element ele, BeanDefinition bd, String propertyName) {
    String elementName = (propertyName != null) ?
                    "<property> element for property '" + propertyName + "'" :
                    "<constructor-arg> element";

    // Should only have one child element: ref, value, list, etc.
    NodeList nl = ele.getChildNodes();
    Element subElement = null;
    for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
        Node node = nl.item(i);
        // 对应description或者meta不处理
        if (node instanceof Element && !nodeNameEquals(node, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT) &&
                !nodeNameEquals(node, META_ELEMENT)) {
            // Child element is what we're looking for.
            if (subElement != null) {
                error(elementName + " must not contain more than one sub-element", ele);
            }
            else {
                subElement = (Element) node;
            }
        }
    }
    // 解析constructor-arg的ref属性
    boolean hasRefAttribute = ele.hasAttribute(REF_ATTRIBUTE);
    // 解析constructor-arg的value属性
    boolean hasValueAttribute = ele.hasAttribute(VALUE_ATTRIBUTE);
    if ((hasRefAttribute && hasValueAttribute) ||
            ((hasRefAttribute || hasValueAttribute) && subElement != null)) {
            // 1.如果同时有ref和value属性
            // 2.存在ref或value属性且又有子元素
        error(elementName +
                " is only allowed to contain either 'ref' attribute OR 'value' attribute OR sub-element", ele);
    }

    if (hasRefAttribute) {
        // ref属性的处理,使用RuntimeBeanReference封装对应的ref名称
        String refName = ele.getAttribute(REF_ATTRIBUTE);
        if (!StringUtils.hasText(refName)) {
            error(elementName + " contains empty 'ref' attribute", ele);
        }
        RuntimeBeanReference ref = new RuntimeBeanReference(refName);
        ref.setSource(extractSource(ele));
        return ref;
    }
    else if (hasValueAttribute) {
        // 对value属性的处理,使用TypedStringValue封装
        TypedStringValue valueHolder = new TypedStringValue(ele.getAttribute(VALUE_ATTRIBUTE));
        valueHolder.setSource(extractSource(ele));
        return valueHolder;
    }
    else if (subElement != null) {
        // 解析子元素
        return parsePropertySubElement(subElement, bd);
    }
    else {
        // Neither child element nor "ref" or "value" attribute found(Spring懵了).
        error(elementName + " must specify a ref or value", ele);
        return null;
    }
}

从代码上来看,对构造方法中属性元素的解析,经历了以下几个过程:

  • 略过description或者meta元素。
  • 提取constructor-arg上的ref属性和value属性,以便于根据规则验证正确性,其规则为在constructor-arg上不存在的情况(1.同时又ref和value属性,2.存在ref和value属性且又有子元素)、
  • ref属性的处理。使用RuntimeBeanReference封装对应的ref名称。
  • value属性的处理。使用TypedStringValue封装。
  • 子元素的处理,可以为list、map等。

而对于子元素而言,假设构造方法中又嵌入了子元素map是怎么实现的呢?parsePropertySubElement(subElement, bd)方法中实现了对各种子元素的分类处理,代码如下

public Object parsePropertySubElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition bd) {
    return parsePropertySubElement(ele, bd, null);
}

/**
 * Parse a value, ref or collection sub-element of a property or
 * constructor-arg element.
 * @param ele subelement of property element; we don't know which yet
 * @param defaultValueType the default type (class name) for any
 * {@code <value>} tag that might be created
 */
public Object parsePropertySubElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition bd, String defaultValueType) {
    if (!isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
        return parseNestedCustomElement(ele, bd);
    }
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) {
        BeanDefinitionHolder nestedBd = parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, bd);
        if (nestedBd != null) {
            nestedBd = decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, nestedBd, bd);
        }
        return nestedBd;
    }
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, REF_ELEMENT)) {
        // A generic reference to any name of any bean.
        String refName = ele.getAttribute(BEAN_REF_ATTRIBUTE);
        boolean toParent = false;
        if (!StringUtils.hasLength(refName)) {
            // A reference to the id of another bean in the same XML file.
            refName = ele.getAttribute(LOCAL_REF_ATTRIBUTE);
            if (!StringUtils.hasLength(refName)) {
                // A reference to the id of another bean in a parent context.
                refName = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_REF_ATTRIBUTE);
                toParent = true;
                if (!StringUtils.hasLength(refName)) {
                    error("'bean', 'local' or 'parent' is required for <ref> element", ele);
                    return null;
                }
            }
        }
        if (!StringUtils.hasText(refName)) {
            error("<ref> element contains empty target attribute", ele);
            return null;
        }
        RuntimeBeanReference ref = new RuntimeBeanReference(refName, toParent);
        ref.setSource(extractSource(ele));
        return ref;
    }
    // 对idref元素的解析
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, IDREF_ELEMENT)) {
        return parseIdRefElement(ele);
    }
    // 对value子元素的解析
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, VALUE_ELEMENT)) {
        return parseValueElement(ele, defaultValueType);
    }
    // 对null子元素的解析
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, NULL_ELEMENT)) {
        // It's a distinguished null value. Let's wrap it in a TypedStringValue
        // object in order to preserve the source location.
        TypedStringValue nullHolder = new TypedStringValue(null);
        nullHolder.setSource(extractSource(ele));
        return nullHolder;
    }
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, ARRAY_ELEMENT)) {
        // 对array子元素的解析
        return parseArrayElement(ele, bd);
    }
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, LIST_ELEMENT)) {
        // 对list子元素的解析
        return parseListElement(ele, bd);
    }
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, SET_ELEMENT)) {
        // 对set子元素的解析
        return parseSetElement(ele, bd);
    }
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, MAP_ELEMENT)) {
        // 对map子元素的解析
        return parseMapElement(ele, bd);
    }
    else if (nodeNameEquals(ele, PROPS_ELEMENT)) {
        // 对props子元素的解析
        return parsePropsElement(ele);
    }
    else {
        error("Unknown property sub-element: [" + ele.getNodeName() + "]", ele);
        return null;
    }
}

可以看到,在上面的函数中实现了所有可支持的子类的分类处理,到这里,我们已经大致理清构造方法的解析流程,不做深究。

7、parsePropertyElements

parsePropertyElements(ele, bd)方法完成了对property属性的解析,代码如下

/**
 * Parse property sub-elements of the given bean element.
 */
public void parsePropertyElements(Element beanEle, BeanDefinition bd) {
    NodeList nl = beanEle.getChildNodes();
    for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
        Node node = nl.item(i);
        if (isCandidateElement(node) && nodeNameEquals(node, PROPERTY_ELEMENT)) {
            parsePropertyElement((Element) node, bd);
        }
    }
}

有了之前分析构造方法的经验,这个函数我们并不难理解,无非是提取所有property的子元素,然后调用parsePropertyElement((Element) node, bd)方法,该方法代码如下

/**
 * Parse a property element.
 */
public void parsePropertyElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition bd) {
    // 获取配置元素的name值
    String propertyName = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
    if (!StringUtils.hasLength(propertyName)) {
        error("Tag 'property' must have a 'name' attribute", ele);
        return;
    }
    this.parseState.push(new PropertyEntry(propertyName));
    try {
        // 不允许多次对同一属性配置
        if (bd.getPropertyValues().contains(propertyName)) {
            error("Multiple 'property' definitions for property '" + propertyName + "'", ele);
            return;
        }
        Object val = parsePropertyValue(ele, bd, propertyName);
        PropertyValue pv = new PropertyValue(propertyName, val);
        parseMetaElements(ele, pv);
        pv.setSource(extractSource(ele));
        bd.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue(pv);
    }
    finally {
        this.parseState.pop();
    }
}

可以看到上面方法与构造方法注入方式不同的是将返回值使用PropertyValue进行封装,并记录在了BeanDefinition的propertyValues属性中。

8、parseQualifierElements

对于qualifier元素的获取,我们接触更多的是注解的形式,在使用Spring框架中进行自动注入时,Spring容器中匹配的候选Bean数目必须有且仅有一个。当找不到一个匹配的Bean时,Spring容器将抛出BeanCreationException异常,并指出必须至少有一个匹配的Bean。

Spring允许我们通过Qualifier指定注入Bean的名称,这样歧义就消除了,而对于配置方式使用如下

<bean id="testBean" class="test.TestBean">
    <qualifier type="org.springframework.beans.annotation.Qualifier" value="af"/>
</bean> 

其解析过程与之前大同小异,这里不重复赘述。

五、decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired

到这里我们已经完成了分析默认标签的解析与提取过程,获取涉及的内容太多,我们已经忘了我们从哪个方法开始的了,我们再次回顾下默认标签解析方法的起始方法,代码如下

private void parseDefaultElement(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, IMPORT_ELEMENT)) {
        importBeanDefinitionResource(ele);
    }
    else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) {
        processAliasRegistration(ele);
    }
    else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) {
        // 进这里
        processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate);
    }
    else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, NESTED_BEANS_ELEMENT)) {
        // recurse
        doRegisterBeanDefinitions(ele);
    }
}

/**
 * Process the given bean element, parsing the bean definition
 * and registering it with the registry.
 */
protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    // 进这里
    BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
    if (bdHolder != null) {
        bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
        try {
            // Register the final decorated instance.
            BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
            getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" +
                    bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex);
        }
        // Send registration event.
        getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));
    }
}

/**
 * Parses the supplied {@code <bean>} element. May return {@code null}
 * if there were errors during parse. Errors are reported to the
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ProblemReporter}.
 */
@Nullable
public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele, @Nullable BeanDefinition containingBean) {
    String id = ele.getAttribute(ID_ATTRIBUTE);
    String nameAttr = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);

    List<String> aliases = new ArrayList<>();
    if (StringUtils.hasLength(nameAttr)) {
        String[] nameArr = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(nameAttr, MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
        aliases.addAll(Arrays.asList(nameArr));
    }

    String beanName = id;
    if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName) && !aliases.isEmpty()) {
        beanName = aliases.remove(0);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("No XML 'id' specified - using '" + beanName +
                    "' as bean name and " + aliases + " as aliases");
        }
    }

    if (containingBean == null) {
        checkNameUniqueness(beanName, aliases, ele);
    }
	// 之前花了大量篇幅介绍这一步
    AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, beanName, containingBean);
    if (beanDefinition != null) {
        if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName)) {
            try {
                if (containingBean != null) {
                    beanName = BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.generateBeanName(
                            beanDefinition, this.readerContext.getRegistry(), true);
                }
                else {
                    beanName = this.readerContext.generateBeanName(beanDefinition);
                    // Register an alias for the plain bean class name, if still possible,
                    // if the generator returned the class name plus a suffix.
                    // This is expected for Spring 1.2/2.0 backwards compatibility.
                    String beanClassName = beanDefinition.getBeanClassName();
                    if (beanClassName != null &&
                            beanName.startsWith(beanClassName) && beanName.length() > beanClassName.length() &&
                            !this.readerContext.getRegistry().isBeanNameInUse(beanClassName)) {
                        aliases.add(beanClassName);
                    }
                }
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Neither XML 'id' nor 'name' specified - " +
                            "using generated bean name [" + beanName + "]");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                error(ex.getMessage(), ele);
                return null;
            }
        }
        String[] aliasesArray = StringUtils.toStringArray(aliases);
        return new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, beanName, aliasesArray);
    }
    return null;
}

我们已经用了大量的篇幅分析了BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele)这行代码,接下来我们要进行bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder)代码的分析。首先大致了解下这句代码的作用,其实我们可以从语义上分析:如果需要的话就对beanDefinition进行装饰,那这句代码到底是什么功能呢?其实这句代码适用于这样的场景,如下所示

<bean id="test" class="test.MyClass">
    <mybean:user username="aaaa"/>
</bean>

当Spring中的bean使用的是默认的标签配置,但是其中的子元素却使用了自定义的配置时,这行代码便会起作用。之前讲过,对bean的解析分为两种类型,一种是默认类型的解析,另一种是自定义类型的解析,这不正是自定义类型的解析吗?为什么在默认类型解析中单独添加一个方法处理呢?确实,这个问题很让人迷惑,但是,不知道聪明的读者是否发现,这个自定义类型并不是以bean的形式出现的呢?我们之前讲过的两种类型的不同处理只是针对bean的,这里我们看到,这个自定义类型其实是属性。好了,我们继续分析代码

public BeanDefinitionHolder decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(Element ele, BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder) {
    return decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, definitionHolder, null);
}

这里将方法中第三个参数设置为空,那么第三个参数是做什么用的呢?什么情况下不为空呢?其实这第三个参数是父类bean,当对某个嵌套配置进行分析时,这里需要传递父类beanDefinition。分析源码得知这里传递的参数其实是为了使用父类的scope属性,以备子类若没有设置scope属性默认使用父类的属性,这里分析的是顶层配置,所以传递null。继续跟踪

public BeanDefinitionHolder decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(
        Element ele, BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinition containingBd) {

    BeanDefinitionHolder finalDefinition = definitionHolder;

    // Decorate based on custom attributes first.
    NamedNodeMap attributes = ele.getAttributes();
    for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
        Node node = attributes.item(i);
        finalDefinition = decorateIfRequired(node, finalDefinition, containingBd);
    }

    // Decorate based on custom nested elements.
    NodeList children = ele.getChildNodes();
    for (int i = 0; i < children.getLength(); i++) {
        Node node = children.item(i);
        if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
            finalDefinition = decorateIfRequired(node, finalDefinition, containingBd);
        }
    }
    return finalDefinition;
}

private BeanDefinitionHolder decorateIfRequired(
        Node node, BeanDefinitionHolder originalDef, BeanDefinition containingBd) {
    // 获取自定义标签的命名空间
    String namespaceUri = getNamespaceURI(node);
    // 对于非默认标签进行修饰
    if (!isDefaultNamespace(namespaceUri)) {
        // 根据命名空间找到对应的处理器
        NamespaceHandler handler = this.readerContext.getNamespaceHandlerResolver().resolve(namespaceUri);
        if (handler != null) {
            // 进行修饰
            return handler.decorate(node, originalDef, new ParserContext(this.readerContext, this, containingBd));
        }
        else if (namespaceUri != null && namespaceUri.startsWith("http://www.springframework.org/")) {
            error("Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [" + namespaceUri + "]", node);
        }
        else {
            // A custom namespace, not to be handled by Spring - maybe "xml:...".
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("No Spring NamespaceHandler found for XML schema namespace [" + namespaceUri + "]");
            }
        }
    }
    return originalDef;
}

程序走到这里,条理其实已经非常清楚了,首先获取属性或者元素的命名空间,以此来判断该元素或者属性是否适用于自定义标签的解析条件,找出定义类型所对应的NamespaceHandler并进行进一步解析,这一步骤在自定义标签解析的章节我们会重点讲解,这里暂时先略过。

我们总结下decorateIfRequired方法的作用,在decorateIfRequired方法中我们可以看到对于程序默认的标签的处理其实是直接略过的,因为默认的标签到这里已经被处理完了,这里只对自定义的标签或者说对bean的自定义属性感兴趣。在方法中实现了寻找自定义标签并根据自定义标签寻找命名空间处理,并进行进一步的解析。

六、registerBeanDefinition

对于配置文件,解析也解析完了,装饰也装饰完了,对于得到的beanDefinition已经可以满足后续的使用要求了,唯一还剩下的工作就是注册,也就是processBeanDefinition方法中的BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry()),其代码如下

/**
 * Process the given bean element, parsing the bean definition
 * and registering it with the registry.
 */
protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    // 先进这
    BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
    if (bdHolder != null) {
        // 后进这
        bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
        try {
            // Register the final decorated instance.
            // 最后进这
            BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
            getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" +
                    bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex);
        }
        // Send registration event.
        getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));
    }
}

/**
 * Register the given bean definition with the given bean factory.
 * @param definitionHolder the bean definition including name and aliases
 * @param registry the bean factory to register with
 * @throws BeanDefinitionStoreException if registration failed
 */
public static void registerBeanDefinition(
        BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)
        throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

    // Register bean definition under primary name.使用beanName做唯一标识注册
    String beanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName();
    registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition());

    // Register aliases for bean name, if any.注册所有的别名
    String[] aliases = definitionHolder.getAliases();
    if (aliases != null) {
        for (String aliase : aliases) {
            registry.registerAlias(beanName, aliase);
        }
    }
}

从上面的代码可以看出,解析的beanDefinition都会被注册到BeanDefinitionRegistry类型的实例registry中,而对于beanDefinition的注册分成了两部分:通过beanName的注册及通过别名的注册。

1、通过beanName注册BeanDefinition

对于beanDefinition的注册,或许很多人认为的方式就是将beanDefinition直接放入map中就好了,使用beanName作为key。确实,Spring就是这么做的,只不过除此之外,它还做了点别的事情。

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation of BeanDefinitionRegistry interface
//---------------------------------------------------------------------

public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
        throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

    Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty");
    Assert.notNull(beanDefinition, "BeanDefinition must not be null");

    if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
        try {
            // 注册前的最后一次校验,主要是对于methodOverrides属性的校验
            ((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate();
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                    "Validation of bean definition failed", ex);
        }
    }

    BeanDefinition oldBeanDefinition;
    // 因为beanDefinitionMap是全局变量,这里可能会发生并发访问的情况
    synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
        oldBeanDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
        // 处理注册已经注册beanName的情况
        if (oldBeanDefinition != null) {
            // 如果对应的BeanName已经注册且在配置中配置了bean不允许被覆盖,则抛出异常
            if (!this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) {
                throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                        "Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName +
                        "': There is already [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] bound.");
            }
            else {
                if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.info("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
                            "': replacing [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            // 记录beanName
            this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);
            this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;
        }
        // 注册beanDefinition
        this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
    }

    if (oldBeanDefinition != null || containsSingleton(beanName)) {
        // 重置beanName对应的缓存
        resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
    }
}

上面的代码中我们看到,在对于bean的注册处理方式上,主要进行了几个步骤:

  • 对AbstractBeanDefinition的校验。在解析XML文件的时候我们提过校验,但是此校验非彼校验,之前的校验是针对XML格式的校验,而此时的检验是对于AbstractBeanDefinition的methodOverrides属性的。
  • 对beanName已经注册的情况的处理。如果设置了不允许bean的覆盖,则需要抛出异常,否则直接覆盖。
  • 加入map缓存
  • 清除解析之前留下的对应beanName的缓存

2、通过别名注册BeanDefinition

在理解了注册bean的原理后,理解注册别名的原理就容易多了。代码如下

public void registerAlias(String name, String alias) {
    Assert.hasText(name, "'name' must not be empty");
    Assert.hasText(alias, "'alias' must not be empty");
    // 如果beanName与alias相同的话不记录alias,并删除对应的alias
    if (alias.equals(name)) {
        this.aliasMap.remove(alias);
    }
    else {
        // 如果alias不允许被覆盖则抛出异常
        if (!allowAliasOverriding()) {
            String registeredName = this.aliasMap.get(alias);
            if (registeredName != null && !registeredName.equals(name)) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot register alias '" + alias + "' for name '" +
                        name + "': It is already registered for name '" + registeredName + "'.");
            }
        }
        // 当A->B存在时,若再次出现A->C->B的时候则会抛出异常
        checkForAliasCircle(name, alias);
        this.aliasMap.put(alias, name);
    }
}

由以上代码中可以得知alias的步骤如下:

  • alias与beanName相同情况的处理。若alias与beanName名称相同则不需要处理,并删除原有的alias。
  • alias覆盖处理。若aliasName已经使用并已经指向了另一beanName,则需要用户的设置处理。
  • alias循环检查。当A->B存在时,若再次出现A->C->B时,则会抛出异常。
  • 注册alias

3、通知监听器解析及注册完成

通过代码getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder))完成此工作,这里的实现只是为了扩展,当程序开发人员需要对注册BeanDefinition事件进行监听时,可以通过注册监听器的方式将处理逻辑写入监听器,目前在Spring中并没有对此事件做任何逻辑处理。

七、解析alias标签

通过上面较长的篇幅我们终于分析完了默认标签中对bean标签的处理,那么我们之前提到过,对配置文件的解析包括对import标签、alias标签、bean标签、beans标签的处理,现在我们已经完成了最重要也是最核心的bean标签功能解析,其他的解析步骤也都是围绕bean标签解析而进行的。这时,我们回头看看吧。

在对bean进行定义时,除了使用id属性来指定名称之外,为了提供多个名称,可以使用alias标签来指定。而所有的这些名称都指向同一bean,在某些情况下提供别名非常有用,比如为了让应用的每一个组件能更容易地对公共组件进行引用。

然而,在定义bean时就指定所有的别名并不是总是恰当的。有时我们期望能在当前位置为那些在别处定义的bean引入别名。在XML配置文件中,可用单独的<alias/>元素来完成bean别名的定义,如配置文件中定义一个bean

<bean id="testBean" class="com.Test"/>

要给这个JavaBean增加别名,以方便不同对象来调用。我们就可以直接使用bean标签中的name属性

<bean id="testBean" name="testBean, testBean2" class="com.Test"/>

同样,Spring还有另一种声明别名的方式

<bean id=“testBean" class="com.Test"/>
<alias name="testBean" alias="testBean, testBean2"/>

考虑一个更为具体的例子,组件A在XML配置文件中定义一个名为componentA的DataSource类型的bean,但组件B却想在其XML文件中以componentB命名来引用此bean。而主程序MyApp的XML配置文件中,希望以myApp的名字来引用此bean。最后容器加载三个XML文件来生成最终的ApplicationContext。在此情况下,可通过在配置文件中添加下列alias元素来实现

<alias name="componentA" alias="componentB"/>
<alias name="componentB" alias="myApp"/>

这样一来,每个组件及主程序就可通过唯一名字来引用同一个数据源而互不干扰。下面是alias标签解析的代码

/**
 * Process the given alias element, registering the alias with the registry.
 */
protected void processAliasRegistration(Element ele) {
    // 获取beanName
    String name = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
    // 获取alias
    String alias = ele.getAttribute(ALIAS_ATTRIBUTE);
    boolean valid = true;
    if (!StringUtils.hasText(name)) {
        getReaderContext().error("Name must not be empty", ele);
        valid = false;
    }
    if (!StringUtils.hasText(alias)) {
        getReaderContext().error("Alias must not be empty", ele);
        valid = false;
    }
    if (valid) {
        try {
            // 注册alias
            getReaderContext().getRegistry().registerAlias(name, alias);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            getReaderContext().error("Failed to register alias '" + alias +
                    "' for bean with name '" + name + "'", ele, ex);
        }
        // 别名注册后通知监听器做相应处理
        getReaderContext().fireAliasRegistered(name, alias, extractSource(ele));
    }
}

可以发现,跟之前讲过的bean中的alias解析大同小异,都是将别名与beanName组成一对注册至registry中,这里不再赘述。

八、解析import标签

对于Spring配置文件的编写,我想,经历过庞大项目的人,都有那种恐惧的心理,太多的配置文件了。不过,分模块是大多数人能想到的方法,但是,怎么分模块,那就见仁见智了。使用import是个好方法,例如我们可以构造这样的Spring配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
       <import resource="customerContext.xml"/>
       <import resource="systemContext.xml"/>
       ....
</beans>

import标签解析的代码如下

/**
 * Parse an "import" element and load the bean definitions
 * from the given resource into the bean factory.
 */
protected void importBeanDefinitionResource(Element ele) {
    // 获取resource属性
    String location = ele.getAttribute(RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE);
    if (!StringUtils.hasText(location)) {
        // 如果不存在resource属性则不做任何处理
        getReaderContext().error("Resource location must not be empty", ele);
        return;
    }

    // Resolve system properties: e.g. "${user.dir}"解析系统属性
    location = getEnvironment().resolveRequiredPlaceholders(location);

    Set<Resource> actualResources = new LinkedHashSet<Resource>(4);

    // Discover whether the location is an absolute or relative URI
    boolean absoluteLocation = false;
    try {
        absoluteLocation = ResourcePatternUtils.isUrl(location) || ResourceUtils.toURI(location).isAbsolute();
    }
    catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
        // cannot convert to an URI, considering the location relative
        // unless it is the well-known Spring prefix "classpath*:"
    }

    // Absolute or relative?
    if (absoluteLocation) {
        try {
            int importCount = getReaderContext().getReader().loadBeanDefinitions(location, actualResources);
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Imported " + importCount + " bean definitions from URL location [" + location + "]");
            }
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
            getReaderContext().error(
                    "Failed to import bean definitions from URL location [" + location + "]", ele, ex);
        }
    }
    else {
        // No URL -> considering resource location as relative to the current file.
        try {
            int importCount;
            // Resource存在多个子实现类,而每个resource的createRelative实现方式都不一样,所以先调用子类的
            Resource relativeResource = getReaderContext().getResource().createRelative(location);
            if (relativeResource.exists()) {
                importCount = getReaderContext().getReader().loadBeanDefinitions(relativeResource);
                actualResources.add(relativeResource);
            }
            else {
                // 如果解析不成功,则使用默认的解析器
                String baseLocation = getReaderContext().getResource().getURL().toString();
                importCount = getReaderContext().getReader().loadBeanDefinitions(
                        StringUtils.applyRelativePath(baseLocation, location), actualResources);
            }
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Imported " + importCount + " bean definitions from relative location [" + location + "]");
            }
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            getReaderContext().error("Failed to resolve current resource location", ele, ex);
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
            getReaderContext().error("Failed to import bean definitions from relative location [" + location + "]",
                    ele, ex);
        }
    }
    // 解析后进行监听器激活
    Resource[] actResArray = actualResources.toArray(new Resource[actualResources.size()]);
    getReaderContext().fireImportProcessed(location, actResArray, extractSource(ele));
}

上面的代码不难,相信配合注释会很好理解,我们总结一下大致流程便于读者更好地梳理,大致步骤如下:

  • 获取resource属性所表示的路径。
  • 解析路径中的系统属性,格式如”${user.dir}“。
  • 判定location是相对路径还是绝对路径。
  • 如果是绝对路径则递归解析bean的解析过程,进行另一次解析。
  • 如果是相对路径则计算出绝对路径并进行解析。
  • 通知监听器,解析完成。

九、解析beans标签

对于嵌入式的bena标签,相信大家使用过或者至少接触过,非常类似于import标签所提供的功能,使用如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
       <import resource="customerContext.xml"/>
       <bean id="test" class="test.Test"/>
       <beans>
       ....
       </beans>
       ....
</beans>

对于嵌入式bean标签来讲,并没有太多可讲,与单独的配置文件并没有太大的差别,无非是递归调用bean标签的解析过程。

/**
 * Register each bean definition within the given root {@code <beans/>} element.
 */
protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
    // Any nested <beans> elements will cause recursion in this method. In
    // order to propagate and preserve <beans> default-* attributes correctly,
    // keep track of the current (parent) delegate, which may be null. Create
    // the new (child) delegate with a reference to the parent for fallback purposes,
    // then ultimately reset this.delegate back to its original (parent) reference.
    // this behavior emulates a stack of delegates without actually necessitating one.
    BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
    this.delegate = createDelegate(getReaderContext(), root, parent);

    if (this.delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
        String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
        if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
            String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(
                    profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
            if (!getReaderContext().getEnvironment().acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) {
                if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                    logger.info("Skipped XML bean definition file due to specified profiles [" + profileSpec +
                            "] not matching: " + getReaderContext().getResource());
                }
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    preProcessXml(root);
    parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
    postProcessXml(root);

    this.delegate = parent;
}

这篇分析的是Spring对于XML中默认标签的解析,下片我们将分析对于自定义标签的解析。

总访问次数: 159次, 一般般帅 创建于 2017-12-04, 最后更新于 2024-08-01

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